From powerhunter:
I usually put up trades which gives me the edge. like 1000 wheat for 1300 wood. most of the time it will be taken.
within the alliance I will trade 1:1
the market is also a good place to put away some resources in case you hit your warehouse limit. say my limit is 4000 wood, I cannot upgrade my warehouse fast enough and my troops are coming back from a raid with another 500 wood, I would put up 1000 wood at the market for 2000 clays. Nobody will trade me and I can just have my wood back once I upgrade my warehouse.